Virtual Water Trade Position of India With the Developing Countries on Primary and its Derived Crops During 2013-14 to 2017-18: An Evaluation

Authors

  • Goutam Bhowmik The Institute of Cost Accountants of India
  • Saikat Dutta The Institute of Cost Accountants of India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33516/rb.v45i1-2.100-117p

Keywords:

Virtual Water Trade, Water Foot Print and Sustainable Development.

Abstract

At present, water economy is getting almost equal importance with oil economy all over the world. As a result, 'water foot print' and 'virtual water trade' have emerged as burning issues for economic and political debates. In literature, the quantity of water used to produce per unit of a product is termed as water foot print. On the other hand, hidden flow of water that is transferred during the course of international trade is coined as virtual water trade. In view of the increasing importance of water as a resource and its efficient use, virtual water trade position with other countries of the world need to be evaluated and addressed at length. On this backdrop, the present study seeks to estimate and analyze the virtual water trade of crop products (Primary and Derived1) which were traded by India with the developing countries2 during the course of international trade for the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 and to quantify the volume of net virtual water trade for that period. The study also evaluates the international trade position for the aforesaid period by combining two parameters (virtual water trade and balance of trade) along with the presence of any association between these two important parameters.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2019-07-31

How to Cite

Bhowmik, G., & Dutta, S. (2019). Virtual Water Trade Position of India With the Developing Countries on Primary and its Derived Crops During 2013-14 to 2017-18: An Evaluation. Research Bulletin, 45(1-2), 100–117. https://doi.org/10.33516/rb.v45i1-2.100-117p

References

Ansink, E. (2010). Analysis on Refuting Two Claims about Virtual Water Trade. Ecological Economics, August 2010, Vol.69, No.10, pp. 2027-2032.

Betsie, I. R., Michael, L., Teunis, V., Keith, L. B. & John, G. A. (2017). Establishing and Testing a Catchment Water Footprint Framework to Inform Sustainable Irrigation Water Use for an Aquifer under Stress. Science of the Total Environment, December 2017, Vol. 599-600, pp. 1119–1129.

Barnaby, W. (2009). Do Nations go to War over Water? Nature, March 2009, Vol. 458, pp. 282-283.

Bhowmik, G. and Dutta, S. (2019). Virtual water Trade on Primary and Their Derived Crop Products: A Component-wise Analysis in the Context of Indian International Trade with Developed Countries during 2008-09 to 2017-18. Indian Accounting Review, June 2019, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 64-78.

Chukalla, A.D., Krol, M.S. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2017). Marginal Cost Curves for Water Footprint Reduction in Irrigated Agriculture: Guiding a Cost-Effective Reduction of Crop Water Consumption to a Permit or Benchmark Level. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 21, pp. 3507-3524.

Gerbens-Leenes, P.W., Mekonnen, M.M., and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2013). The water footprint of poultry, pork and beef: A comparative study in different countries and production systems. Water Resources and Industry, June 2013,Vol. 1–2, pp. 25-36

Hoekstra, A.Y. and Hung, P.Q.(2002). Virtual Water Trade: A Quantification of Virtual Water Flow between Nations in Relation to International Crops Trade. Value of Water Resource Report, 11.

Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K. and Van, O.P.R. (2017). Advancing Water Footprint Assessment Research: Challenges in Monitoring Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6. Water, June 2017, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 438.

Kant, A. (2019). The Challenge of Water: India’s Ability to manage and Govern Water will Determine its Future, Times of India Edit Page, July 4.

Kumar, V. and Jain, S. K. (2007). Status of the Virtual Water Trade in India. Current Science. Vol. 93, No. 8, pp. 1093-1099.

Reimer, J. (2012). Analysis on the Economics of Virtual Water Trade. Ecological Economics, Vol. 75, pp. 135-139.

Ruini, L., Marino, M., Pignatelli, S., Laio, L., and Ridolfi, L. (2013). Water footprint of a large-sized food company: The case of Barilla pasta production. Water Resources and Industry, June 2013, Vol. 1-2, pp. 7-24.

Sen, S. (2012). Eai Jolo sankat kintu adou Jolobat taralot noi. Ekadin, 17/10/2012.

Singh, O. P., Sharma, A., Singh, R., and Shah, T. (2004). Virtual Water Trade in Dairy Economy: Irrigation Water Productivity in Gujarat. Economic and Political Weekly, August 2004, Vol. 39, No. 31, pp. 3492-3497.

Vanhum, D. (2013). An Assessment of the Virtual Water Balance for Agricultural Products in EU River Basins. Water Resources and Industry, June 2013, Volumes 1–2, pp. 49-59.

Vergé, X., VanderZaag, A., Smith, W., Grant, B. and Gordon, R. (2017). The Consideration of Time Step in Calculating Grey Water Footprints of Agricultural Cropping Systems. Ecological Indicators, July 2017,Vol.78, pp. 31–36.

Yang, H., Wang, L., Abbaspour, K. C., and Zehnder, A. J. B. (2006).Virtual Water Trade: An Assessment of Water Use Efficiency in the International Food Trade. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 443-454.

Zhang, G.P., Hoekstra. A.Y., and Mathews, R.E. (2013). Water Footprint Assessment (WFA) for Better Water Governance and Sustainable Development. Water Resources and Industries, June 2013, Vol. 1-2, pp. 1-6.

http:/www. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority.gov.in

http:/www.waterfootprint.org