Analysis of Profitability of Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprises in India during the Post- Liberalization Era through Technical Efficiency Scores (TES)

Abstract

Maharatna companies act as life line of any developing nation like India. It acts as the key to achievement of sustainable development and inclusive growth. The Government of India first introduced Maharatna Scheme in February 2010 with the objective to make India self-reliant in several core sectors. The main objective behind introducing this scheme was to provide autonomy to the identified large sized Navaratna companies so that this company could expand their business activities in domestic as well as in foreign markets. The profitability or earning capability is the basic measure of operating efficiency of a business. In fact, profitability shows the ultimate results of various policies and decision which were taken by the companies during its normal course business operations. A PSE can discharge its social obligations better if it operates in a profitable manner. In this research study data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique was applied to evaluate the profit earning capability of the Maharatna CPSEs. The ratio of mean to standard deviation of technical efficiency score (TES) has been calculated to make inter firm comparison in respect of consistency of the profit earning capability of the companies. The nature of trend of TES of the selected companies have been analyzed through linear trend equation which have been fitted during the study and to examine the significance of the slope of the trend line |t| test has been applied. The study discloses a wide variation in TES score between the companies selected for the study. Based on calculated composite score, CIL captures the top-most position while HPCL finds place in last bench.